tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-63776036394368125332024-02-07T07:29:48.336-08:00Applied EthicsUnknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger212125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6377603639436812533.post-60057127139485701742018-05-11T08:58:00.002-07:002018-05-11T08:58:46.031-07:00Animal rights<br />
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<iframe allow="autoplay; encrypted-media" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/gjwcrMeJBPo" width="560"></iframe>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6377603639436812533.post-45677831371426430372018-05-11T08:57:00.002-07:002018-05-11T08:57:57.508-07:00Ricky Gervais<br />
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<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ZgnE0oTuHoo" frameborder="0" allow="autoplay; encrypted-media" allowfullscreen></iframe>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6377603639436812533.post-1416564706128597232018-05-11T08:56:00.005-07:002018-05-11T08:56:50.759-07:005000 vegans<br />
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<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/OGQh5NHb-fM" frameborder="0" allow="autoplay; encrypted-media" allowfullscreen></iframe>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6377603639436812533.post-6162578160880821912018-05-11T08:56:00.001-07:002018-05-11T08:56:23.374-07:00Animal welfare plan<div style="background-repeat: no-repeat; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 25px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Labour is the party of animal welfare. From bringing forward the landmark Hunting Act to protecting the treatment of domestic animals under the Animal Welfare Act, Labour has always placed the welfare of animals high on the policy agenda. At a European level, Labour secured better welfare standards for battery hens and chickens and tightened the rules on the transport of live animals. It is a record Labour is rightly proud of.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">However, we cannot allow hard-won progress to be undone. We know that Labour must be at the forefront of driving through the next phase of progress in the journey towards better animal welfare standards.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Just last year the Prime Minister Theresa May openly declared her support for fox hunting and to bring back a free vote on the matter. Last year almost 20,000 badgers were killed across England in the largest destruction of a protected species in living memory, whilst the most recent RSPB <em style="background-repeat: no-repeat; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Birdcrime </em>Report showed that for the first time in thirty years, not one prosecution took place for raptor persecution.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Never has it been more pressing to set an ambitious agenda on animal welfare than now. Labour fought for animal sentience to be part of the EU Withdrawal Bill but this was voted down by the Government despite Michael Gove going on record to say that he would support it just months earlier. Instead, we now have a rushed and haphazard Animal Sentience Bill which, according to the Environment and Rural Affairs Select Committee, has failed to consider the full implications of the policy. With new trade deals on the horizon and the UK no longer subject to EU-wide rules on animal welfare, we must ensure that we have a comprehensive legislative agenda in place to make sure that the UK has equal and better animal rights across the world.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This suite of policies on animal welfare seeks to build upon the long-standing leadership of the Labour Party on the issue of animal welfare. We are seeking views on measures that will underpin the next phase of animal welfare legislation under the next Labour government. Our approach will not be one of half measures and backtracking, based on ‘campaign of the month’ issues. One of our key proposals that we are seeking feedback on is the appointment of an Animal Welfare Commissioner to ensure that government policy across Whitehall is continually informed and underpinned by the latest scientific evidence on animal sentience and best practice in animal welfare.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Our vision is one where no animal is made to suffer unnecessary pain and degradation and where we continue to drive up standards and practice in line with the most recent advances and understanding.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">We hope you will take the time to input into this consultation and help us develop the next phase of Labour’s animal welfare agenda.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="https://labour.org.uk/issues/animal-welfare-plan/">Read more</a></span></span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6377603639436812533.post-62136231404937993442018-05-11T08:54:00.003-07:002018-05-11T08:54:44.236-07:00Animal rights campaigners sentenced after protest group sent 'Aids-contaminated' post to researchers<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #281e1e; font-family: "Indy Serif"; font-size: 19px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
Two members of an <a href="http://www.independent.co.uk/topic/animalrights" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ec1a2e; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">animal rights</a> group have been sentenced for their roles in a decade-long campaign of intimidation in which researchers were targeted with incendiary devices, false allegations of paedophilia and packages claimed to have been contaminated with HIV.</div>
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British woman Natasha Simpkins and Dutch husband Sven Van Hasselt were part of Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty (Shac), which aimed to shut down a British animal testing company by terrorising its staff, suppliers, and business partners across Europe.</div>
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<a href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/animal-rights-campaign-aids-contaminated-post-letters-research-testing-shac-winchester-crown-court-a8177936.html">Read more</a></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6377603639436812533.post-57256434794102910502018-05-11T08:53:00.002-07:002018-05-11T08:53:50.417-07:00Animal rights<br />
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<iframe allow="autoplay; encrypted-media" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/erg8sDIYjmw" width="560"></iframe>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6377603639436812533.post-87919266296143706162018-05-11T08:49:00.005-07:002018-05-11T08:49:33.219-07:00Memes and temes<br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6377603639436812533.post-88710609107373399592018-05-11T08:49:00.002-07:002018-05-11T08:49:02.883-07:00How cults rewire the brain<br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6377603639436812533.post-22154794668724046502018-05-11T08:48:00.002-07:002018-05-11T08:48:25.163-07:00The case for anonymity online<br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6377603639436812533.post-16998445024517056952018-05-11T08:47:00.002-07:002018-05-11T08:47:38.857-07:00How social networks predict epidemics<br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6377603639436812533.post-2286679708636930142018-05-10T16:21:00.003-07:002018-05-10T16:21:15.636-07:00Environmental ethics<br />
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<iframe allow="autoplay; encrypted-media" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/alnDYYwAs74" width="560"></iframe>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6377603639436812533.post-54340349610510610122018-05-10T16:20:00.001-07:002018-05-10T16:20:26.138-07:00Systems thinking<div class="wikiDescription" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">An organization is a web, not a chart of boxes and lines. In this lesson, we'll discuss systems thinking, and how decisions made in organizations can impact the environment of the organization, its human values, and the larger natural environment.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Systems Thinking</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">You've seen the typical organizational structure of boxes and lines: decision A leads to consequence B, and so on. But that's a limited way to describe the makeup of organizations. <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Systems thinking</span> is a more integrated way to understand organizations. <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Systems thinking</span> in organizations means that we view organizations as interconnected pieces or subsystems. It is no longer a set of boxes, but a web of interconnected parts.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Since an organization is an interconnected web, a change to one area of the organization can have ripple effects in many other parts of the organization. For example, decisions made in information technology will have effects on clerical areas, and so on. Think of a web instead of a pretty flowchart, where a system is comprised of smaller systems (called subsystems). From janitorial services to administrative staff, all jobs are part of the whole. And all parts, as one collective, make up the system.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In addition, remember that all organizations and their systems have goals. Since it's the core goal of most organizations, let's consider increased profits. A well-oiled system will continually have checkpoints in its components to ensure targets for reaching profit goals are being met.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">With all that in mind, let's take a graphical look at systems thinking in action. A visual tool we can use to understand all of the interconnections involved in systems thinking is the <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">causal loop diagram</span>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">For instance, consider an organization that makes paints and varnishes. Its costs of materials have gone up, while management has demanded more and more productivity. This loop diagram shows some of the known interactions and issues that may arise from this decision.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="https://study.com/academy/lesson/systems-thinking-environmental-ethics-in-organizations.html">Read more</a></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6377603639436812533.post-29199942900089956212018-05-10T16:19:00.001-07:002018-05-10T16:19:38.351-07:00FREE COURSE<br />
<a href="https://www.coursera.org/learn/environmental-management-ethics/lecture/AKonu/deep-ecology"><br /></a>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://www.coursera.org/learn/environmental-management-ethics/lecture/AKonu/deep-ecology">CLICK HERE</a></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">Right now in the 21st century, the world's ecosystem are facing a crisis point with many on the decline at an alarming rate.</span></div>
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The world has lost roughly half of its coral reefs in the last 30 years. And it is expected more than 90 percent of world's coral reefs will die by 2050. Due to human activities, ecosystems are constantly degraded and their capacity to provide services is compromised</div>
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<a href="http://www.presstv.com/Detail/2017/11/23/543192/Environmental-ethics-coral-reefs">VIDEO ON ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS</a></div>
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<a href="https://www.coursera.org/learn/environmental-management-ethics/lecture/bf9s1/land-ethics">LAND ETHICS</a></div>
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<a href="https://www.coursera.org/learn/environmental-management-ethics/lecture/rpsec/introduction-to-environmental-management-ethics">ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND ETHICS</a></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6377603639436812533.post-47690107235158514742018-05-10T16:16:00.002-07:002018-05-10T16:16:28.067-07:00Greek....<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In this article, I consider how ancient Greek philosophical thinking might be approached differently if the environmental ethical import that is salient in it is critically considered. </span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">After pointing out how environmental ethics is generally construed in much of the discourse on current philosophical thinking, I spell out some unexplored elements of anthropocentric and non-anthropocentric environmental ethical thinking that are implicit in ancient Greek philosophy. </span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I seek to critically challenge some common notions in Western environmentalism that take environmental ethics as a fairly new discourse of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Ultimately, I suggest that ancient Greek philosophical thinking ought to be judiciously interpreted from an environmental-ethical perspective. </span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Overall, I critically interrogate elements of both anthropocentric and non-anthropocentric environmentalism in ancient Greek thinking, with the intention to examine the contribution of ancient Greek philosophy to environmental ethical thinking.</span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1561-40182017000100002">Read more</a></span></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6377603639436812533.post-58660441130231819672018-05-10T16:15:00.001-07:002018-05-10T16:15:17.390-07:00Global travellers<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 18px;">For many globally minded travelers, tourism offers not just an escape, but a means to support emerging economies. Yet that can be difficult to reconcile with the environmental burdens of the industry. A study published Monday pins some 8 percent of total carbon emissions on global tourism. That carbon footprint raises questions of its own: Who bears the responsibility for it? Individuals? Airlines? Travel companies? Policymakers? </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 18px;">And what about the benefits of travel? Do the dollars going into economies that rely on tourism, and the increased global understanding travel can foster, help mitigate tourism’s damage? Ultimately, researchers say they hope the study will serve to raise awareness for tourists, the tourism industry, and policymakers. Some individuals and private companies have already taken steps to reduce their use of air travel. Other individuals look to carbon offsets to mitigate the harm from their travel. But others see problems with putting too much of the onus for reducing emissions on the individual, saying that global-scale problems require national-level interventions.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 18px;"><a href="https://www.csmonitor.com/Environment/2018/0508/Do-global-travelers-have-to-leave-their-environmental-ethics-at-home">Read more</a></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6377603639436812533.post-14197182451734310922018-05-10T16:14:00.003-07:002018-05-10T16:14:27.306-07:00<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;">Individuals must often work toward conclusions and actions in daily life, and to do this they frequently rely on ethical stances to guide their reasoning. When working purely through ethics, people prioritize the objective, rational thought process over subjective feeling and emotion. Because ethics points toward an end without implying means, two individuals can have drastically divergent ethical views, yet still end at comparable outcomes. </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;">This divide is clear within the environmental movement. Bron Taylor, an American professor in environmental studies, discusses how ethical stance influences environmentalists’ viewpoints on why protection of the environment is worthwhile. Taylor writes that for “[anthropocentric] ethics, nonhuman life is valuable at most indirectly […while] for ecocentric ethics, human interests do not trump that of all other life forms and the well-being of the biosphere as a whole” (598). Anthropocentric environmentalists believe that the purpose of saving the Earth is to keep life tenable for the benefit of humankind. In contrast, the ecocentric environmentalists reject the idea that humans are centrally important and instead emphasize the Earth’s intrinsic value independent of any benefit to humankind.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;">Regardless of these groups’ differing motivations, their overall goals are the same, namely, a healthier planet maintained through more sustainable methods. Two of the most formative books of the environmental movement – Rachel Carson’s </span><em style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;">Silent Spring</em><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;"> (1962) and James Lovelock’s </span><em style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;">The Revenge of Gaia</em><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;"> (2006) – are each written from either an anthropocentric or ecocentric ethical stance, respectively. </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;">Both Carson and Lovelock discuss harmful environmental changes caused by humans and encourage human action to address these changes. In </span><em style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;">Silent Spring</em><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;">, Carson focuses on the damage chemicals and pollution can cause to the natural environment, framed in terms of the negative effects that this damage could cause the human population. Aligning with the anthropocentric viewpoint, Carson focuses solutions on balancing human interests with concerns for the Earth’s wellbeing. </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;">When discussing agricultural pest control, for example, Carson hopes “to achieve a reasonable accommodation between the insect hordes and ourselves” (296). Conversely, in </span><em style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;">The Revenge of Gaia</em><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;"> Lovelock conceives of the Earth as a single being known as Gaia, a self-regulating entity that maintains itself in homeostasis by interacting with the organisms and climatic shifts on Earth. Thus, he adopts an ecocentric viewpoint that favors addressing climate concerns because of the intrinsic value of maintaining Gaia’s balance, not just because this balance allows humans to thrive. Lovelock suggests broad and drastic actions that prioritize the environment, stating at one point that “[h]umankind comes second” (121) in importance to the Earth.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;"><a href="https://green.harvard.edu/news/extending-environmental-ethics-through-fear">Read more</a></span></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6377603639436812533.post-53453467240986953102018-05-10T16:13:00.001-07:002018-05-10T16:13:08.400-07:00Environmental ethics<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e2e2e; font-family: NexusSans, Arial, Helvetica, "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.4em; padding: 0px;">
<span class="topic-highlight" style="background: rgba(247, 231, 27, 0.2); box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Environmental ethics</span> believes in the ethical relationship between human beings and the natural environment. <span class="topic-highlight" style="background: rgba(247, 231, 27, 0.2); box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Environmental ethics</span> says that one should base their behavior on a set of ethical values that guide our approach toward the other living beings in nature. <span class="topic-highlight" style="background: rgba(247, 231, 27, 0.2); box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Environmental ethics</span> is about including the rights of non-human animals in our ethical and moral values. Even if the human race is considered the primary concern of society, animals and plants are in no way less important. They have a right to get their fair share of existence.</div>
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Two levels of ethics are most prevalent – “descriptive ethics” and “prescriptive ethics.” Prescriptive ethics deals with moral issues in the conventional sense of that term, that is, with questions of right or wrong, duties and rights, justice and injustice, virtue and wickedness, and so forth. In particular, a new environmental ethic may have to challenge four basic traditions of <em style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">anthropocentrism</em>, <em style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">reductive analysis</em>, <em style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">egocentric perspective and the fact</em>/<em style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">value gap</em>.</div>
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<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/environmental-ethics">Read more</a></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6377603639436812533.post-78794898891953805052018-05-10T16:12:00.000-07:002018-05-10T16:12:02.157-07:00Concept of environmental ethics<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: verdana; font-size: 15px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 10px 0px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Man's endeavor to evolve a mutually re-enforcing relationship with nature is age old, however if this creative relationship would not have been established, life on the planet Earth would have disappeared long ago.</div>
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It is our fundamental duty to make this planet earth a decent habitable place. This leads to the rise of concept of environmental ethics.</div>
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Environmental ethics relates to our obligations and responsibilities towards nature. Environmental ethics is the guiding force that should make every human care of their surroundings.</div>
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This states that for an equitable share in the ecology we must have equal responsibilities. But one must remember that each one owes some responsibility towards the environment which provides not only food and other materials but also satisfies aesthetic needs of humans’ comforts.</div>
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However, over exploitation of resources by growing human population has upset the natural balance. The use of technology and economic growth have led to ecological problems.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Approaches to environmental ethics</strong></div>
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There are three primary theories of moral responsibility regarding the environment.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Anthropocentrism:</strong> Anthropocentrism is the view that all environmental responsibility is derived from human interests alone. The assumption here is that only human beings are morally significant and have direct moral standing. Since the environment is crucial to human well-being and human survival, we have an indirect duty toward the environment, that is, a duty derived from human interests. We must ensure that the Earth remains environmentally hospitable for supporting human life and even that it remains a pleasant place for humans to live.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Biocentrism:</strong> According to the broadest version of the biocentric theory, all forms of life have an inherent right to exist.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: verdana; font-size: 15px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 10px 0px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ecocentrism:</strong> The third approach to environmental responsibility, called ecocentrism, maintains that the environment deserves direct moral consideration and not consideration that is merely derived from human or animal interests. In ecocentrism it is suggested that the environment itself, not just the living organisms that inhabit it, has moral worth.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Role of individual in maintaining environmental ethics</strong></div>
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Moral responsibility normally implies knowledge, capacity, choice, and value significance. That is to say, if a person is morally responsible to do something, then he (a) knows of this requirement, (b) is capable of performing it, (c) can freely choose whether or not to do it, and (d) the performance thereof affects the welfare and/or liberty of other beings. Because one‘s response to these requirements reflects upon his value as a moral person.</div>
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The individual forms the base of the society and morality at its end is important for maintaining balance.</div>
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Individuals committed to a strong environmental ethic can make many lifestyle changes to significantly reduce their personal impact on the planet. </div>
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<a href="http://iasscore.in/science-environment/concept-of-environmental-ethics">Read more</a></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6377603639436812533.post-92105082883206711262018-05-10T16:11:00.000-07:002018-05-10T16:11:00.831-07:00FREE COURSE<br />
<a href="https://www.coursera.org/learn/environmental-management-ethics/lecture/0b14B/introduction-to-environmental-ethics"><br /></a>
<a href="https://www.coursera.org/learn/environmental-management-ethics/lecture/0b14B/introduction-to-environmental-ethics"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;">ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS</span></a>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6377603639436812533.post-13606761082816081932018-05-10T16:04:00.002-07:002018-05-10T16:04:26.106-07:00Pros and Cons<div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 15px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: top;">
<strong style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pros</span></strong></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Reduces risk of genetic diseases</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Reduces risk of inherited medical conditions</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Keep pace with others doing it</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Better chance the child will succeed in life</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Better understanding of genetics</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Increased life span</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Can give a child genes that the parents do not carry</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Prevent next generation of family from getting characteristics/diseases</span></div>
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<strong style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cons</span></strong></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Termination of embryos</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Could create a gap in society</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Possibility of damage to the gene pool</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Baby has no choice in the matter</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Genes often have more than one use</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Geneticists are not perfect</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Loss of Individuality</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Other children in family could be affected by parent's decision</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Only the rich can afford it</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.futureforall.org/bioengineering/designer-babies.html">Read more</a></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6377603639436812533.post-90513612549762665572018-05-10T16:03:00.002-07:002018-05-10T16:03:30.427-07:00Choice....<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">C<span style="background-color: white; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;">omfortably seated in the fertility clinic with Vivaldi playing softly in the background, you and your partner are brought coffee and a folder. Inside the folder is an embryo menu. Each embryo has a description, something like this:</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Embryo 78 – male</strong></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><br /></b><span class="bullet" style="font-size: 0.00625rem; line-height: 0.00625rem;">•</span> No serious early onset diseases, but a carrier for phenylketonuria (a metabolic malfunction that can cause behavioural and mental disorders. Carriers just have one copy of the gene, so don’t get the condition themselves).<br /><span class="bullet" style="font-size: 0.00625rem; line-height: 0.00625rem;">•</span> Higher than average risk of type 2 diabetes and colon cancer.<br /><span class="bullet" style="font-size: 0.00625rem; line-height: 0.00625rem;">•</span> Lower than average risk of asthma and autism.<br /><span class="bullet" style="font-size: 0.00625rem; line-height: 0.00625rem;">•</span> Dark eyes, light brown hair, male pattern baldness.<br /><span class="bullet" style="font-size: 0.00625rem; line-height: 0.00625rem;">•</span> 40% chance of coming in the top half in SAT tests.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">There are 200 of these embryos to choose from, all made by in vitro fertilisation (IVF) from you and your partner’s eggs and sperm. So, over to you. Which will you choose?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/jan/08/designer-babies-ethical-horror-waiting-to-happen">Read more</a></span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6377603639436812533.post-91252867302308093042018-05-10T16:02:00.002-07:002018-05-10T16:02:32.371-07:00Deaf lesbians....<div class="p p-first" id="__p3" style="background-color: white; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em;">
<em><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">With the completion of the human genome project, the genetic basis of disease is becoming better understood. Genetic tests for disabilities are increasingly becoming available to allow couples with a family history of genetic disease to select healthy offspring. But some couples wish to select for disability. Might there be good reasons for acceding to such requests?</span></em></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A deaf lesbian couple in the United States have deliberately created a deaf child. Sharon Duchesneau and Candy McCullough used their own sperm donor, a deaf friend with five generations of deafness in his family. Like others in the deaf community, Duchesneau and McCullough don't see deafness as a disability. They see being deaf as defining their cultural identity and see signing as a sophisticated, unique form of communication.<span style="line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><a aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" class=" bibr popnode tag_hotlink tag_tooltip" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1124279/#B1" id="__tag_120832302" rid="B1" role="button" style="color: #642a8f;">1</a></span><span style="line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">–</span><span style="line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><a aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" class=" bibr popnode tag_hotlink tag_tooltip" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1124279/#B3" id="__tag_120832304" rid="B3" role="button" style="color: #642a8f;">3</a></span> (See box <a class="fig-table-link fig figpopup" co-legend-rid="lgnd_FB1" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1124279/figure/FB1/" rid-figpopup="FB1" rid-ob="ob-FB1" style="clear: both; color: #642a8f; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block !important; zoom: 1 !important;" target="figure"><span style="position: relative; text-decoration-line: none;"><span class="figpopup-sensitive-area" style="background-color: transparent; color: transparent; cursor: pointer; left: -1.5em; opacity: 0; position: absolute; text-decoration-line: none; top: 0px;">boxB1</span></span>B1</a> for references on commentaries relating to this case.)</span></div>
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<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1124279/"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Read more</span></a></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6377603639436812533.post-68432745695724644262018-05-10T16:01:00.002-07:002018-05-10T16:01:34.507-07:00Brave new world....<br />
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<a href="https://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=http://scholar.google.co.uk/&httpsredir=1&article=1704&context=btlj"><br /></a>
<a href="https://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=http://scholar.google.co.uk/&httpsredir=1&article=1704&context=btlj"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;">A BRAVE NEW WORLD OF DESIGNER BABIES</span></a>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6377603639436812533.post-52653874977104834722018-05-10T16:00:00.004-07:002018-05-10T16:00:41.909-07:00The end of sex?<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: Arial, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding: 0px; transform: none;">
Stanford University professor Henry Greely says that within 20-40 years, hopeful mothers will be able to choose from a plethora of embryos that they can have inserted into the womb.</div>
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Advances in medical science have shown that scientists can take the skin cells of mice and turn them into eggs, without them being harvested from the womb.</div>
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In humans, the skin cells could be turned into dozens of eggs, and each of them would be decoded and analysed allowing scientists to look for genetic predispositions, both for disease and personal traits.</div>
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The best egg would then be fertilised by the sperm and placed on the woman<span style="color: #333333;">.</span></div>
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<a href="https://www.express.co.uk/news/science/953741/end-of-sex-stanford-university-designer-babies-genetic-engineering">Read more</a></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6377603639436812533.post-33184276820945686222018-05-10T15:59:00.004-07:002018-05-10T15:59:51.453-07:00By 2038....<div style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 18px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: 1.55; margin-bottom: 1.2em;">
Most infants will be ‘designer babies’ in as little as 20 years, a professor claims.Within 20-to-40 years, hopeful mothers will be able to choose the embryos implanted into their wombs based on their preferences for sex, intelligence, musical ability or disease risk, according to Professor Henry Greely from Standard University, who works in bioethics.</div>
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Professor Greely, who wrote “The End of Sex and the Future of Human Reproduction”, said: “The majority of babies of people who have good health coverage will be conceived this way.”A designer baby is an embryo that is genetically engineered for specifically selected traits before being implanted into a woman via In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF).Although initially a sci-fi concept, pre-implantation genetic diagnosis already routinely determines if embryos are at risk of diseases such as cystic fibrosis in the United Kingdom (UK) and United States (US). Designer babies are illegal in the UK.</div>
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While The Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs supports genetic selection if it benefits a child’s wellbeing, critics argue choosing ‘preferred’ traits that do not boost health is unethical.Supporters of the practice argue parents can already influence their child’s tastes via lifestyle choices, such as taking them to concerts, and should therefore have the right to “prenatal autonomy”.</div>
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<a href="https://guardian.ng/features/health/most-infants-will-be-designer-babies-in-20-years/">Read more</a></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0